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Cannabis-derived products have become the trending herbal remedies in the past years. CBD products are not the only productstreating health issues. CBG products are the new emerging herbal remedies,portraying almost similar therapeutic benefits as CBD. These products include CBD edibles like gummies, topicals, vapes, CBG oil, and capsules or softgels. CBG has no mind-altering effects associated with smoking Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) but exhibits health properties like appetizers, anti-depressant, pain relievers, and anti-inflammatories.

What Is CBG?

Cannabigerol (CBG) is one of the active compounds existing naturally in the Cannabis Sativa plant. It might not be as popular as Cannabidiol (CBD) or THC, but it offers almost the same therapeutic benefits. In the UK, it is mostly extracted from the stalk or leaves of the hemp plant, but you may find marijuana-derived CBG products.

In 2018, the UK parliamentary meeting passed a bill legalizing the use of all CBG products, but they should not contain THC above 0.2% of the total weight. Marijuana-derived cannabis products remain illegal for public consumption and are only used for medical programs.

CBG is the mother of all cannabinoids since most compounds are created from CBGA (Cannabigerol acid), the acidic structure of Cannabigerol. However, in fully grown cannabis plants, the compound is found in small amounts compared to the THC and CBD molecules. Therefore, CBG products are rare and expensive compared to other cannabis products.

What Is the Difference Between Cannabigeroland Cannabidiol?

CBD and CBG are cannabinoids existing in the Cannabis Sativa plant. They have almost similar chemical symbols but are differently structured. The main difference between the two cannabinoids is that CBD is a major compound while CBG is a minor cannabinoid; cannabis plants contain a high concentration of CBD and a low level of CBG. Other difference includes:

• Pellati et al. (2018) stated that CBG interacts with body receptors by binding with them, while CBD does not bind with cannabinoid receptors but increases the production of endocannabinoids like anandamide connecting with the receptors.
• CBD products are cheaper and readily available in almost all cannabis shops and vendors, while CBG isdifficult to find.

How Is CBG Made?

CBG is mostly found in young cannabis plants sincethe cannabinoid is converted into other compounds like CBD, CBN, and THC. Wang et al. (2018) explained that the extraction of CBG begins at the flowering cycle of the industrial hemp plant  (6-8 weeks old) when the compound has not yet been converted to other cannabinoids. However, most manufacturers require full-grown hemp plants to extract products like hemp seed oil, CBD oil, and other cannabis products.

In fully grown cannabis plants, CBGs are found in less than 1% of the total mass; manufacturers require many plants to derive a viable amount of CBG oil. Cannabis industries can separate the compound from other cannabinoids using the CO2 extraction technique,. The process involves soaking the hemp plant in CO2 solvent covered by a chromatographic lid for a few hours. Thesuperfluid absorbs the other cannabinoids,including terpenes and flavonoids, from the plant isolating CBG molecules. The solution is placed under high temperature and pressure, causing the CO2 solvent to evaporate under an enclosed vacuum leaving pure CBG concentrate. The resulting cannabinoid is diluted using an organic carrier before being stored away from UV radiation.

Some CBG companies develop a genetic engineering way to extract the compound with reduced plant biomass. Dawidowicz et al. (2021) suggested that a chromatography chemical is inverted to help anti-age CBD and CBN convert them into CBG molecules during extraction. However, this type of CBG is contaminated with some chemical residues and makes users feel low.

Benefits of CBG Products

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a body structure that maintains body balance by tackling certain health issues like pain, inflammation, stressed mood, anxiety, and other imbalances. It contains CB1 and CB2 body receptors responsible for processing plant cannabinoids like CBD. Cannabigerol is not exceptional. Patil et al. (2020) showed that upon consuming CBG products, the cannabinoid imitates body cannabinoids like anandamide by binding with body receptors in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The interaction of CBG molecules with ECS resultsin the following therapeutic benefits:

CBG Improves Concentration, Focus, and Attention
According to Zendulka et al. (2016),CBG can interact with brain neurons through the CB1 cannabinoid receptors. This increases the formation of certain hormones responsible for keeping people in check.

Provides Healthy Appetite

Munchies accompanied in eating CBG products are healthy since they make users crave greenery and less-fatty foodstuffs. CBG appetite power is almost double that of THC. According to Brierley et al. (2016), CBG increases appetite by decreasing the production of the hormone leptin, responsible for a decrease in a patient's appetite, and also boosts the release of ghrelin, responsible for making people feel hungry. It can interact with brain neurons to alter how the brain perceives foods rich in estrogens.

Alleviate Pain and Inflammation

Inflammations are healthy body responses helping the immune system detect danger. However,  the immune system can induce excessive inflammatory responses resulting in cell and tissue damage, hence pain. Komarnytsky et al. (2021) claimed that CBG molecules could interact with ECS to support normal immune inflammatory responses. The study above suggested that the cannabinoid blocks the signaling of nerve pain impulses into the central nervous system making the patient feel calm and relaxed.

It Treats Glaucoma Disease

Glaucoma is a common eye disorder affecting seniors, causing vision complications and blindness. It induces excessive pressure in the eye optic, causing irritations and nerve rupturing. The human eye contains ECS receptors controlling the eye nerve pressure. It contains both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors that play a vital job in controlling eye conditions. La & Caroline (2022) explained that in case of deficiency of endocannabinoids, CBG binds with eye receptors and helps to reduce the nerve pressure causing glaucoma. By reducing the cause of the eye disorder, it exhibits neuroprotection properties by preventing any degeneration of optic nerves.

Help In Fighting Cancer Cells And Medicinal Symptoms

Malhotra et al. (2021) revealed that CBG boosts cancer therapy by reducing the cancer medicinal symptoms that make cancer patients quit drugs. These symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, foodlessness, and bad moods. According toAbrams et al. (2015), CBG could fight cancer by decreasing the reproduction of cells. The study also showed that it boosts the reproduction of healthy cells to replace cancer cells, decreasing the tumor's growth. However, it is only applicable in the early stages of the disease.

Reducing Stress and Anxiety

people shift to CBG products to treat anxiety and stressed life. Like CBD, CBG inhibits the breakdown of brain neurotransmitters that producethe stress-relieving hormone serotonin. The hormone helps to alter how people's brain perceives stressful thoughts and traumatic events. Srinivasan (2017) claimed that CBG inhibits the production of the hormone cortisol, which is responsible for deactivating people's happy moods and increasing the accumulation of stressed thoughts.

Supports a Healthy Metabolic Process

Like most cannabinoids, CBG helpsboost the body's metabolic rate by increasing the patient's energy and reducing excessive weight. Cannabigerolsupports adiposity tissues boosting the cell's chemicals to metabolize the stored fat into energy. As a result, it makes its users feel energetic, fresh, and ready for the day.

Types of CBG Products

CBG Gummies

CBG gummies are sweet candies in different shapes, sizes, and flavors. They allow cannabis consumers to harness the benefits of CBG with a delicious flavor. The gummies are made of sugar, gelatin, and CBG oil as the main active ingredients. The oil is added to the hardening stage of making the gummies avoiding excessive heat used to meld the ingredients together.

CBG Capsules

CBG capsules are pill-like cannabis products that are cylindrical and taken orally. They are made of a casing part and a well-dosed amount of CBG compounds. The case is primarily made of gelatin, comprised of raw vegetable materials and a biodegradable substance. CBG capsules are flavorless and contain a precise dosage of CBG; thus,it doesn't require expert interference in taking them.

CBG Disposable Vapes

CBG disposable vapes contain a non-rechargeable battery and an atomizer permanently connected to the battery and the mouthpiece. Like other CBG vapes, they contain a pre-determined amount of CBG oil heated up by a battery-powered coil. Upon depletion of the CBG e-juice, the electronic device is safely disposed of. They heat the e-liquid into a CBG vapour, inhaled through the mouth and lung tissues.

CBG Isolate

CBG isolate is an ultra-pure cannabinoid extract that contains over 99% of CBG molecules without contaminating other plants' cannabinoids like CBD, THC, CBN, etc. It appears as a clear-like crystal witha high potency of the cannabinoid. CBG isolates are best

CBG Drinks

CBG drinks are beverages, soft drinks, or smoothies infused with CBG molecules. They are rare in hemp stores or online vendors, but you can easily create one in your home by adding a few drops of CBG oil to a coffee, tea, or drink.

CBG Crumble

Iftikhar et al. (2021) showed that CBG crumblesusers to incorporate highly potent CBG into the bloodstream. They treat chronic conditions like anxiety, extreme body aches, and other adverse body pains.

How to Take CBG?

Many CBG products like edibles, topicals, tinctures, and vapes are available in most hemp stores and dispensaries. The most common form of cannabinoid is CBG oil which can be taken differently depending on the problem. The following are five ways to use CBG

• Cooking with CBG oil
• Sublingually
• Inhaling
• Topically

Cooking with CBG Oil

Most cannabis products, including CBG oil,contain a bitter, oily flavor. Therefore, some users add a few drops of the cannabinoid to make daily meals like foods, beverages, or baked goods.

CBG Drinks

CBGdrinks are rare in cannabis hotels, but you can make one at home. Placea few drops of CBG oil in drinks like coffee, tea, or smoothies. Unlike CBG-infused foods, beverages or drinks are broken down by body enzymes allowing easy absorption of the cannabinoid.

Food Recipes

Infusing CBG oil in a recipe for making foods is the best way to mask the bitter taste of cannabis products. It does not change the food's texture, smell, or taste. However,placing the oil on a complete dish is recommended since direct heat may degrade its effectiveness.

Baking

Some authorized bakeries use cannabis products like CBG and CBD oil to makechocolate, cookies, brownies, and cakes. The oils are added at the last hardening stage of making the baked goods to avoid dissociating the compound by excessive heating.

Sublingually

One of the easiest ways to take CBG oil is through droppers and tinctures. It is a straightforward approach where the user takes CBG oil sublingually by placing a few drops under the tongue. Holding the oil for a few seconds is important to give time for CBG absorption. The cannabinoid penetrates through the mucous membrane of the mouth directly into the bloodstream. Effects of CBG kick in immediately after consumption. Taking CBG oil sublingually provides a good way to a controlled dosage since the oil comes with calibrated droppers.

Inhaling

Inhaling involves using electronic devices like vape pens to heat CBG oil into an inhalable vapor. It is the fastest way to incorporate Cannabigerol into the bloodstream. You can feel the therapeutic effects of CBG kicking in immediately.

Topically

Topically involves applying skincare products infused with CBG oil directly into the affected skin area. Evans (2020) showed that CBG topicals include CBG creams, lotions, salves, balms, and bathbombs. The study above also claimed that the topicals tackle skin discomforts like itching, irritation, dryness, and debris. They can help relieve muscle fatigue and pain by making you feel calm and relaxed.

Frequently Asked Questions about CBG Products

What Can CBG Help with?

CBG has become popular in treating health issues. Patients with cancer can use it to reduce symptoms like chronic pain, nausea, and fatigue. CBG also decreases the production of cancer cells.

How Long Does CBG Effect Last

CBG is consumed through different methods, and individuals respond to it depending on metabolic rates and the type of product used. Khoo et al. (2017) claimed that CBG could last 2-6 hours after consumption.

Conclusion

The cannabis plant, like hemp, is home to natural existing compounds like the popular CBD and THC. However, it also comprises minor cannabinoids like CBG. Cannabigerol is mostly found in the young cannabis plant since, as the plant ages, it is converted into other plant phytochemicals like CBD, CBN, and THC. CBG products are rare and expensive compared to other cannabis commodities. CBG products are gaining popularity as more people understand their therapeutic benefits, such as stimulating appetite, improving mental focus, relieving body pains, and alleviating anxiety and stress. Theytreat cancer and glaucoma diseases.

References

Abrams, D. I., & Guzman, M. (2015). Cannabis In Cancer Care. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 97(6), 575-586.

Brierley, D. I., Samuels, J., Duncan, M., Whalley, B. J., & Williams, C. M. (2016). Cannabigerol Is A Novel, Well-Tolerated Appetite Stimulant In Pre-Satiated Rats. Psychopharmacology, 233(19), 3603-3613.

Dawidowicz, A. L., Olszowy-Tomczyk, M., &Typek, R. (2021). CBG, CBD, Δ9-THC, CBN, CBGA, CBDA, And Δ9-THCA As Antioxidant Agents And Their Intervention Abilities In Antioxidant Action. Fitoterapia, 152, 104915.

Evans, J. (2020). The Ultimate Guide To CBD: Explore The World Of Cannabidiol. Fair Winds Press.

Komarnytsky, S., Rathinasabapathy, T., Wagner, C., Metzger, B., Carlisle, C., Panda, C., ... &Varadharaj, S. (2021). Endocannabinoid System And Its Regulation By Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids And Full Spectrum Hemp Oils. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, 22(11), 5479.

Malhotra, P., Casari, I., &Falasca, M. (2021). Therapeutic Potential Of Cannabinoids In Combination Cancer Therapy. Advances In Biological Regulation, 79, 100774.

Patil, A. S., Mahajan, U. B., Agrawal, Y. O., Patil, K. R., Patil, C. R., Ojha, S., ... & Goyal, S. N. (2020). Plant-Derived Natural Therapeutics Targeting Cannabinoid Receptors In Metabolic Syndrome And Its Complications: A Review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 132, 110889.

Pellati, F., Borgonetti, V., Brighenti, V., Biagi, M., Benvenuti, S., &Corsi, L. (2018). Cannabis Sativa L. And Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoids: Their Chemistry And Role Against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, And Cancer. Biomed Research International, 2018.

Rock, E. M., Goodwin, J. M., Limebeer, C. L., Breuer, A., Pertwee, R. G., Mechoulam, R., & Parker, L. A. (2011). Interaction Between Non-Psychotropic Cannabinoids In Marihuana: Effect Of Cannabigerol (CBG) On The Anti-Nausea Or Anti-Emetic Effects Of Cannabidiol (CBD) In Rats And Shrews. Psychopharmacology, 215(3), 505-512

Srinivasan, V. (2017). Principles Of Mind-Body Medicine. Notion Press.

Wang, Y. H., Avula, B., Elsohly, M. A., Radwan, M. M., Wang, M., Wanas, A. S., ... & Khan, I. A. (2018). Quantitative Determination Of Δ9-THC, CBG, CBD, Their Acid Precursors, And Five Other Neutral Cannabinoids By UHPLC-UV-MS. Planta Medica, 84(04), 260-266La, Caroline. "Is CBG The New CBD?."

Iftikhar, A., Zafar, U., Ahmed, W., Shabbir, M. A., Sameen, A., Sahar, A., ... &Aadil, R. M. (2021). Applications Of Cannabis Sativa L. In Food And Its Therapeutic Potential: From A Prohibited Drug To A Nutritional Supplement. Molecules, 26(24), 7699.

Zendulka, O., Dovrtelova, G., Nosková, K., Turjap, M., Sulcova, A., Hanus, L., &Jurica, J. (2016). Cannabinoids And Cytochrome P450 Interactions. Current Drug Metabolism, 17(3), 206-226.